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- <text id=90TT1564>
- <title>
- June 18, 1990: Middle East:Come One, Come All
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- June 18, 1990 Child Warriors
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 58
- MIDDLE EAST
- Come One, Come All
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Soviet emigres continue to flood Israel, but many find
- themselves overqualified and underhoused
- </p>
- <p> No, it is not true that every Soviet Jew who has emigrated
- to Israel this year has been met at the airport by the entire
- Knesset. But the welcome mat has been impressive enough. Israel
- State Television briefly added Cyrillic subtitles to its
- evening newscasts, and the daily newspaper Ma'ariv plans to
- start a Russian-language edition this summer. Banks place
- Russian-language ads in their front windows and offer special
- inducements to newcomers. Ryzshinka, a yogurt-like Russian
- drink, is now available, packaged in a bottle sporting (yes)
- red and gold, the colors of the Soviet flag.
- </p>
- <p> So far this year, 41,578 Soviet Jews have arrived in Israel;
- by year's end, the total may reach 150,000. As acting Prime
- Minister Yitzhak Shamir seeks Knesset approval of his new
- right-wing government this week, he faces the growing dilemma
- of how to house and employ the largest flood of immigrants to
- Israel since the early 1950s. Meanwhile, Moscow's decision to
- lift the gates on Jewish emigration has so infuriated Arab
- leaders that their outcry no doubt prompted President Mikhail
- Gorbachev to utter a veiled threat at his final press
- conference in Washington last week. If Israel did not halt
- Jewish settlements in the occupied territories, he warned, new
- thought would be given to "what we can do with issuing permits
- for exit." Israel and Washington balked, and three days later,
- Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze assured the U.S. that
- emigration would continue apace.
- </p>
- <p> More than Arab pressure, however, may be riling Gorbachev.
- Seventy percent of the work force of the departing Jews are
- professionals and technicians. "The brain-drain issue is really
- worrying the Soviet legislature," says a U.S. diplomat based
- in Moscow. Perhaps for that reason, the Soviet parliament last
- week postponed until September adoption of a new emigration law
- that would permit almost all Jews to leave the country. But
- even with the remaining restrictions, Israel is enjoying a
- windfall from Moscow's brain drain. The newcomers offer
- expertise in fields ranging from medicine and engineering to
- computer technology and nuclear physics.
- </p>
- <p> These new assets may also produce great headaches for
- Israeli society. Although construction has begun on 70,000
- apartments, Israel's government economists predict a shortage
- of 29,000 housing units by the end of the year. Moreover, with
- unemployment already running at 9.3%, Israel is ill-prepared
- to find work for all the immigrants. In the sciences alone,
- some 60,000 Soviets are expected to arrive within the next
- three years. Israeli universities can make room for perhaps 120
- of them. Even the country's high-tech firms cannot absorb so
- many. "We've got 2,000 resumes in desk drawers from top-notch
- Soviet scientists," says a spokesman for a Jerusalem
- research-and-development firm. "But we can hire only a few."
- </p>
- <p> For now, most seem intent on integrating themselves into
- society, no matter what the cost to their self-esteem or their
- wallets. At Jerusalem's Jewish Agency, a quasi-governmental
- group responsible for immigration, a Siberian doctor pushes a
- tea trolley through the corridors while she awaits
- certification to work as a physician. Dr. Anton Nossik decided
- not to wait out the six-month approval process; instead, he has
- begun a new career in journalism. For others the choices are
- more painful. An astrophysicist who has been unable to find
- work has offered to clean the lab of a veteran Soviet immigrant
- scientist.
- </p>
- <p> Unlike the majority of the almost 145,000 Soviet Jews who
- settled in Israel in the 1970s, most of the latest immigrants
- do not have strong convictions in either religion or ideology.
- Their political leanings also are unclear. Of 519 immigrants
- recently polled by the Hebrew daily Yediot Aharonot, 217 sided
- with the conservative Likud bloc, while 86 supported the
- left-leaning Labor Party. Yet, when asked whether they were
- prepared to give back any or all of the occupied territories,
- a position vehemently opposed by Likud, 334 were prepared to
- cede part or all of the disputed lands.
- </p>
- <p> Most chose Israel because it was the easiest destination;
- some have made it clear that they would like to go to the U.S.,
- South Africa or New Zealand. But even if many of the immigrants
- move on, the flood is likely to continue: in Moscow the new
- Israeli Consulate issues 200 visas an hour to Soviet Jews.
- </p>
- <p>By Jill Smolowe. Reported by Ann Blackman/Moscow and Robert
- Slater/Jerusalem.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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